mysql系列VIII-索引(4)-语法

发表于 更新于 分类于 ， Changyan： 本文字数： 2.2k 阅读时长 ≈ 8 分钟

本文演示索引相关语法操作，创建索引、查看索引、删除索引。

Mysql系列文章

  1. mysql系列I-概述

  2. mysql系列II-sql语法

    ①. mysql系列II-sql语法-(1)-概述

    ②. mysql系列II-sql语法-(2)-DDL

    ③. mysql系列II-sql语法-(3)-DML

    ④. mysql系列II-sql语法-(4)-DQL

    ⑤. mysql系列II-sql语法-(5)-DCL

  3. mysql系列III-函数

  4. mysql系列IV-约束

  5. mysql系列V-多表查询

  6. mysql系列VI-事务

  7. mysql系列VII-存储引擎

  8. mysql系列VIII-索引

    ①. mysql系列VIII-索引(1)-概述

    ②. mysql系列VIII-索引(2)-结构

    ③. mysql系列VIII-索引(3)-分类

    ④. mysql系列VIII-索引(4)-语法

    ⑤. mysql系列VIII-索引(5)-SQL性能分析

    ⑥. mysql系列VIII-索引(6)-索引使用

    ⑦. mysql系列VIII-索引(7)-设计原则

  9. mysql系列IX-SQL优化

  10. mysql系列X-视图

  11. mysql系列XI-存储过程

  12. mysql系列XII-存储函数

  13. mysql系列XIII-触发器

  14. mysql系列XIV-锁

创建索引

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CREATE [ UNIQUE | FULLTEXT ] INDEX index_name ON table_name (index_col_name,... ) ;

查看索引

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SHOW INDEX FROM table_name ;

删除索引

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DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name ;

演示

先来创建一张表 tb_user，并且查询测试数据。

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create table tb_user(
id int primary key auto_increment comment '主键',
name varchar(50) not null comment '用户名',
phone varchar(11) not null comment '手机号',
email varchar(100) comment '邮箱',
profession varchar(11) comment '专业',
age tinyint unsigned comment '年龄',
gender char(1) comment '性别 , 1: 男, 2: 女',
status char(1) comment '状态',
createtime datetime comment '创建时间'
) comment '系统用户表';

INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('吕布', '17799990000', 'lvbu666@163.com', '软件工程', 23, '1', '6', '2001-02-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('曹操', '17799990001', 'caocao666@qq.com', '通讯工程', 33, '1', '0', '2001-03-05 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('赵云', '17799990002', '17799990@139.com', '英语', 34, '1', '2', '2002-03-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('孙悟空', '17799990003', '17799990@sina.com', '工程造价', 54, '1', '0', '2001-07-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('花木兰', '17799990004', '19980729@sina.com', '软件工程', 23, '2', '1', '2001-04-22 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('大乔', '17799990005', 'daqiao666@sina.com', '舞蹈', 22, '2', '0', '2001-02-07 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('露娜', '17799990006', 'luna_love@sina.com', '应用数学', 24, '2', '0', '2001-02-08 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('程咬金', '17799990007', 'chengyaojin@163.com', '化工', 38, '1', '5', '2001-05-23 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('项羽', '17799990008', 'xiaoyu666@qq.com', '金属材料', 43, '1', '0', '2001-09-18 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('白起', '17799990009', 'baiqi666@sina.com', '机械工程及其自动化', 27, '1', '2', '2001-08-16 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('韩信', '17799990010', 'hanxin520@163.com', '无机非金属材料工程', 27, '1', '0', '2001-06-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('荆轲', '17799990011', 'jingke123@163.com', '会计', 29, '1', '0', '2001-05-11 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('兰陵王', '17799990012', 'lanlinwang666@126.com', '工程造价', 44, '1', '1', '2001-04-09 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('狂铁', '17799990013', 'kuangtie@sina.com', '应用数学', 43, '1', '2', '2001-04-10 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('貂蝉', '17799990014', '84958948374@qq.com', '软件工程', 40, '2', '3', '2001-02-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('妲己', '17799990015', '2783238293@qq.com', '软件工程', 31, '2', '0', '2001-01-30 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('芈月', '17799990016', 'xiaomin2001@sina.com', '工业经济', 35, '2', '0', '2000-05-03 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('嬴政', '17799990017', '8839434342@qq.com', '化工', 38, '1', '1', '2001-08-08 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('狄仁杰', '17799990018', 'jujiamlm8166@163.com', '国际贸易', 30, '1', '0', '2007-03-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('安琪拉', '17799990019', 'jdodm1h@126.com', '城市规划', 51, '2', '0', '2001-08-15 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('典韦', '17799990020', 'ycaunanjian@163.com', '城市规划', 52, '1', '2', '2000-04-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('廉颇', '17799990021', 'lianpo321@126.com', '土木工程', 19, '1', '3', '2002-07-18 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('后羿', '17799990022', 'altycj2000@139.com', '城市园林', 20, '1', '0', '2002-03-10 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('姜子牙', '17799990023', '37483844@qq.com', '工程造价', 29, '1', '4', '2003-05-26 00:00:00');

表结构中插入的数据如下：

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mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
| id | name   | phone       | email                 | profession         | age  | gender | status | createtime          |
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
|  1 | 吕布   | 17799990000 | lvbu666@163.com       | 软件工程           |   23 | 1      | 6      | 2001-02-02 00:00:00 |
|  2 | 曹操   | 17799990001 | caocao666@qq.com      | 通讯工程           |   33 | 1      | 0      | 2001-03-05 00:00:00 |
|  3 | 赵云   | 17799990002 | 17799990@139.com      | 英语               |   34 | 1      | 2      | 2002-03-02 00:00:00 |
|  4 | 孙悟空 | 17799990003 | 17799990@sina.com     | 工程造价           |   54 | 1      | 0      | 2001-07-02 00:00:00 |
|  5 | 花木兰 | 17799990004 | 19980729@sina.com     | 软件工程           |   23 | 2      | 1      | 2001-04-22 00:00:00 |
|  6 | 大乔   | 17799990005 | daqiao666@sina.com    | 舞蹈               |   22 | 2      | 0      | 2001-02-07 00:00:00 |
|  7 | 露娜   | 17799990006 | luna_love@sina.com    | 应用数学           |   24 | 2      | 0      | 2001-02-08 00:00:00 |
|  8 | 程咬金 | 17799990007 | chengyaojin@163.com   | 化工               |   38 | 1      | 5      | 2001-05-23 00:00:00 |
|  9 | 项羽   | 17799990008 | xiaoyu666@qq.com      | 金属材料           |   43 | 1      | 0      | 2001-09-18 00:00:00 |
| 10 | 白起   | 17799990009 | baiqi666@sina.com     | 机械工程及其自动化 |   27 | 1      | 2      | 2001-08-16 00:00:00 |
| 11 | 韩信   | 17799990010 | hanxin520@163.com     | 无机非金属材料工程 |   27 | 1      | 0      | 2001-06-12 00:00:00 |
| 12 | 荆轲   | 17799990011 | jingke123@163.com     | 会计               |   29 | 1      | 0      | 2001-05-11 00:00:00 |
| 13 | 兰陵王 | 17799990012 | lanlinwang666@126.com | 工程造价           |   44 | 1      | 1      | 2001-04-09 00:00:00 |
| 14 | 狂铁   | 17799990013 | kuangtie@sina.com     | 应用数学           |   43 | 1      | 2      | 2001-04-10 00:00:00 |
| 15 | 貂蝉   | 17799990014 | 84958948374@qq.com    | 软件工程           |   40 | 2      | 3      | 2001-02-12 00:00:00 |
| 16 | 妲己   | 17799990015 | 2783238293@qq.com     | 软件工程           |   31 | 2      | 0      | 2001-01-30 00:00:00 |
| 17 | 芈月   | 17799990016 | xiaomin2001@sina.com  | 工业经济           |   35 | 2      | 0      | 2000-05-03 00:00:00 |
| 18 | 嬴政   | 17799990017 | 8839434342@qq.com     | 化工               |   38 | 1      | 1      | 2001-08-08 00:00:00 |
| 19 | 狄仁杰 | 17799990018 | jujiamlm8166@163.com  | 国际贸易           |   30 | 1      | 0      | 2007-03-12 00:00:00 |
| 20 | 安琪拉 | 17799990019 | jdodm1h@126.com       | 城市规划           |   51 | 2      | 0      | 2001-08-15 00:00:00 |
| 21 | 典韦   | 17799990020 | ycaunanjian@163.com   | 城市规划           |   52 | 1      | 2      | 2000-04-12 00:00:00 |
| 22 | 廉颇   | 17799990021 | lianpo321@126.com     | 土木工程           |   19 | 1      | 3      | 2002-07-18 00:00:00 |
| 23 | 后羿   | 17799990022 | altycj2000@139.com    | 城市园林           |   20 | 1      | 0      | 2002-03-10 00:00:00 |
| 24 | 姜子牙 | 17799990023 | 37483844@qq.com       | 工程造价           |   29 | 1      | 4      | 2003-05-26 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据准备好了之后，接下来，我们就来完成如下需求：
A. name字段为姓名字段，该字段的值可能会重复，为该字段创建索引。

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CREATE INDEX idx_user_name ON tb_user(name);

B. phone手机号字段的值，是非空，且唯一的，为该字段创建唯一索引。

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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_user_phone ON tb_user(phone);

C. 为profession、age、status创建联合索引。

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CREATE INDEX idx_user_pro_age_sta ON tb_user(profession,age,status);

D. 为email建立合适的索引来提升查询效率。

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CREATE INDEX idx_email ON tb_user(email);

完成上述的需求之后，我们再查看tb_user表的所有的索引数据。

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mysql> show index from tb_user;
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name             | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | Visible | Expression |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| tb_user |          0 | PRIMARY              |            1 | id          | A         |          24 |     NULL |   NULL |      | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          0 | idx_user_phone       |            1 | phone       | A         |          24 |     NULL |   NULL |      | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          1 | idx_user_name        |            1 | name        | A         |          24 |     NULL |   NULL |      | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta |            1 | profession  | A         |          16 |     NULL |   NULL | YES  | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta |            2 | age         | A         |          22 |     NULL |   NULL | YES  | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta |            3 | status      | A         |          24 |     NULL |   NULL | YES  | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
| tb_user |          1 | idx_email            |            1 | email       | A         |          24 |     NULL |   NULL | YES  | BTREE      |         |               | YES     | NULL       |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.04 sec)

Mysql系列文章

  1. mysql系列I-概述

  2. mysql系列II-sql语法

    ①. mysql系列II-sql语法-(1)-概述

    ②. mysql系列II-sql语法-(2)-DDL

    ③. mysql系列II-sql语法-(3)-DML

    ④. mysql系列II-sql语法-(4)-DQL

    ⑤. mysql系列II-sql语法-(5)-DCL

  3. mysql系列III-函数

  4. mysql系列IV-约束

  5. mysql系列V-多表查询

  6. mysql系列VI-事务

  7. mysql系列VII-存储引擎

  8. mysql系列VIII-索引

    ①. mysql系列VIII-索引(1)-概述

    ②. mysql系列VIII-索引(2)-结构

    ③. mysql系列VIII-索引(3)-分类

    ④. mysql系列VIII-索引(4)-语法

    ⑤. mysql系列VIII-索引(5)-SQL性能分析

    ⑥. mysql系列VIII-索引(6)-索引使用

    ⑦. mysql系列VIII-索引(7)-设计原则

  9. mysql系列IX-SQL优化

  10. mysql系列X-视图

  11. mysql系列XI-存储过程

  12. mysql系列XII-存储函数

  13. mysql系列XIII-触发器

  14. mysql系列XIV-锁